Rurale Selbstversorgung in der Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte: Zwischen Krise und Aufbruch

In den ostdeutschen Bundesländern sind bis heute die Strukturen der Sozial- und Ernährungspolitik der ehemaligen DDR deutlich erkennbar. Dies betrifft neben dem eigentlichen Agrarsektor über Bodenreform, Kollektivierung und Industrialisierung auch die Privathaushalte.   Zur Sicherung der Lebensmittelversorgung gab es in der Ernährungspolitik der DDR einen stark subventionierten Lebensmittelankauf. In diese Kategorie fielen Hausgärten, Kleingärten und Flächen, die im Rahmen der LPG-Mitgliedschaft zur Verfügung gestellt wurden. Die hohen Ankaufpreise waren für viele Haushalte ein lukrativer Nebenverdienst, entsprechend umfangreich wurden Gartenbau und Tierhaltung betrieben. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll sich mit den Motiven der Kleinproduzent:innen im dörflichen Umfeld beschäftigen. Die Subsistenzwirtschaft soll in dem Kontext der „neuen” und „alten” Mittelklassen nach Reckwitz betrachtet werden. Lassen sich die Kleinproduzent:innen mit diesem Klassenkonzept abbilden? Inwiefern können Konzept, Umfang und Motivation der ruralen Selbstversorgung als Ausdruck der Gesellschaft der Singularitäten verstanden werden? Hintergrund ist der stetige und seit der Pandemie zunehmende Zuzug in den ländlichen Raum. Gerade Personen aus der neuen Mittelklasse sind in der Lage die neue Flexibilität durch Homeoffice und Digitalisierungsschub zu nutzen. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zu „traditionellen“ Kleinerzeugern sollen betrachtet werden. Aus den bisherigen Befragungen wird deutlich, dass „Armut“ keinesfalls ein Treiber der Selbstversorgungswirtschaft ist.    Schließlich wird auch geklärt, inwiefern die betrachteten Gruppen ihre Tätigkeit in Angesicht von Krisen, wie der Covid-19-Pandemie und zuletzt dem Ukraine-Krieg, anpassen bzw. überdenken. Kann die rurale Selbstversorgung als Reaktion auf eine „Katastrophenstimmung” und damit als „Verlustprävention” verstanden werden?

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies

Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmersâ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural environment and their possible consequences for farm structures across Europe are thus still timely subjects. The objective of the IAMO Forum 2006 is to contribute to the success of agriculture in the CEECs, as well as their neighboring countries, in todayâs increasingly competitive environment. Concrete questions the conference focuses on are: What are the most suitable farm organizations, cooperative arrangements and contractual forms? How to improve efficiency and productivity? Where do market niches lie and what are the new product demands? This book contains 33 invited and selected contributions. These papers will be presented at the IAMO Forum 2006 in order to offer a platform for scientists, practitioners and policy-makers to discuss challenges and potential strategies at the farm, value chain, rural society and policy levels in order to cope with the upcoming challenges. IAMO Forum 2006, as well as this book, would not have been possible without the engagement of many people and institutions. We thank the authors of the submitted abstracts and papers, as well as the referees, for their evaluation of the abstracts from which the papers were selected. In particular, we would like to express our thanks to OLIVER JUNGKLAUS, GABRIELE MEWES, KLAUS REINSBERG and ANGELA SCHOLZ, who significantly contributed to the organization of the Forum. Furthermore, our thanks goes to SILKE SCHARF for her work on the layout and editing support of this book, and to JIM CURTISS, JAMIE BULLOCH, and DÃNALL Ã MEARÃIN for their English proof-reading. As experience from previous years documents, the course of the IAMO Forum continues to profit from the support and engagement of the IAMO administration, which we gratefully acknowledge. Last but not least, we are very grateful to the Robert Bosch Foundation, the Federal Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Haniel Foundation and the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) for their respective financial support.Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Industrial Organization, International Development, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis,

Top soil removal: a method for large-scale functional restoration of fen habitats? - Results of a pilot study

Abstract: A pilot study was realized in 2013/2014 to investigate the restoration of degraded percolation mires by a large-scale top soil removal. Objectives and results of the study are presented. The project area is situated in North-East Germany in a percolation mire of the Peene river valley. Nowadays natural percolation mires, especially mesotrophic types, of alkaline habitats, are very rare. Structural and trophic features of peat surface changed irreversible due to drainage and agricultural use in the past. Thus the degraded, eutrophic top soil shall be removed on large-scale in a following main project and the undecomposed peat shall be exposed. Through this measurement water may rise to the surface again and peat producing plants may reestablish. A first top soil removal of 400 square meters was undertaken in spring 2014. An additional part of the main project should be an approach to utilize the excavated soil for gardening purposes. Thereby a technical, ecological and economical useful utilization of the material may be reached.Zusammenfassung: In diesem Beitrag wird eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur großflächigen Wiederherstellung von Niedermoorflächen durch Oberbodenabtrag auf ehemals intensiv genutzten Standorten vorgestellt. Diese fand in den Jahren 2013/2014 in einem degradierten Durchströmungsmoor im Peenetal statt. Natürliche Ausprägungen dieses hydrologischen Moortyps – besonders die mesotroph-kalkhaltigen – sind heutzutage extrem selten. Strukturelle und trophische Eigenschaften der Moorböden haben sich in der Vergangenheit durch Entwässerung und Nutzung irreversibel verändert. Daher soll der degradierte Oberboden in dem nachfolgenden Hauptvorhaben abgetragen und der unzersetzte Torf großflächig freigelegt werden. Wasser soll so wieder die Oberfläche durchströmen können, eine Wiederbesiedlung mit torfbildenden Pflanzen kann erfolgen. Ein erster Probeabtrag von 400 m² wurde im Frühjahr 2014 durchgeführt. Für das geplante Hauptvorhaben soll die Verarbeitung des abgetragenen Materials als Gartenerden erprobt werden, um eine umweltverträgliche, technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvolle Verwertung zu ermöglichen.DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMTresearc

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies

Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmers’ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural environment and their possible consequences for farm structures across Europe are thus still timely subjects. The objective of the IAMO Forum 2006 is to contribute to the success of agriculture in the CEECs, as well as their neighboring countries, in today’s increasingly competitive environment. Concrete questions the conference focuses on are: What are the most suitable farm organizations, cooperative arrangements and contractual forms? How to improve efficiency and productivity? Where do market niches lie and what are the new product demands? This book contains 33 invited and selected contributions. These papers will be presented at the IAMO Forum 2006 in order to offer a platform for scientists, practitioners and policy-makers to discuss challenges and potential strategies at the farm, value chain, rural society and policy levels in order to cope with the upcoming challenges. IAMO Forum 2006, as well as this book, would not have been possible without the engagement of many people and institutions. We thank the authors of the submitted abstracts and papers, as well as the referees, for their evaluation of the abstracts from which the papers were selected. In particular, we would like to express our thanks to OLIVER JUNGKLAUS, GABRIELE MEWES, KLAUS REINSBERG and ANGELA SCHOLZ, who significantly contributed to the organization of the Forum. Furthermore, our thanks goes to SILKE SCHARF for her work on the layout and editing support of this book, and to JIM CURTISS, JAMIE BULLOCH, and DÓNALL Ó MEARÁIN for their English proof-reading. As experience from previous years documents, the course of the IAMO Forum continues to profit from the support and engagement of the IAMO administration, which we gratefully acknowledge. Last but not least, we are very grateful to the Robert Bosch Foundation, the Federal Ministry of Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Haniel Foundation and the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO) for their respective financial support

The Role of Agriculture in Central and Eastern European Rural Development: Engine of Change or Social Buffer?

Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Labor and Human Capital,